Understanding Dry Eyes: Key Causes and Effective Solutions

Dry Eyes: Causes and Solutions

Guest Blog by Steve Elieff, M.D. of North Dallas Eye Associates

Did you know dry eye is the number one cause of blurred vision? It is also the most common cause of redness, itching, and ocular discomfort, frequently leading to a misdiagnosis of infection or allergies.

Dry eye is part of a broader disease entity known as Ocular Surface Disorder, which also includes eyelid oil gland dysfunction, or blepharitis. A healthy tear film requires a mucus layer to keep the tears adherent to the cornea, as well as an external lipid (oil) layer to prevent tear evaporation. Imbalance or deficiencies in any of these layers leads to inflammation, causing redness, itching, and discomfort in a fashion similar to dry skin. In addition, an unstable tear film causes corneal surface irregularities, resulting in blurriness.

Fortunately, many patients improve with use of over-the-counter products and environmental modification. Here are some helpful hints:

1. Use quality, brand-name, over-the-counter tears such as Refresh Digital or Systane Complete. Begin with twice daily dosing upon awakening and at bedtime, and increase usage according to symptoms. Avoid store brands, which may cause toxicity due to poor quality control.
2. Warm compresses and heat masks can help liberate lipids from clogged oil glands in the eyelids, minimizing tear evaporation.
3. Use a bedroom humidifier, particularly in the dry winter months, and avoid fans
   year-round.
4. If you live in or travel to a dry climate, increase your treatment regimen.

More severe cases of dry eye may require punctal plugs to keep tears on the ocular surface longer. Your doctor may also recommend a variety of prescription products, including steroid drops, cyclosporine drops, synthetic tears (Miebo), and even tears made from your own blood serum!

For significant blurred vision or persistent symptoms, please consult your eye care professional. Although there is no universally successful treatment for dry eye, the majority of patients will get considerable improvement with proper therapy.